Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran. Article 1 The form of government of Iran is that of an Islamic Republic, endorsed by the people of Iran on the basis of their longstanding belief in the sovereignty of truth and Qur'anic justice, in the referendum of Farvardin 9 and 1. Islamic calendar, corresponding to Jamadi al- 'Awwal 1 and 2 in the year 1. Islamic calendar (March 2.
I've never been a great sleeper. I'm not much of a dreamer either. Or at least I can't remember my dreams when I wake up. Once in awhile I have anxiety dreams. 7 th South African Infantry Battalion. MEMORIES OF MY SADF EXPERIENCES. Kirkman, Section 1, Platoon 3, Alpha Company, 7 SAI. LEFTON 'COLONIAL VILLAGE' 'THE TRAIN STATION' (RETIRED-1989) click image to enlarge This is one of the many houses, buildings, figurines, and accessories in the. The 7th of August has been designated as a Memorial Day for Assyrian Martyrs. Although this observance is of a comparatively recent date, it has gained.
Divine revelation and its fundamental role in setting forth the laws; 3. The creation of a favorable environment for the growth of moral virtues based on faith and piety and the struggle against all forms of vice and corruption; 2.
This principle applies absolutely and generally to all articles of the Constitution as well as to all other laws and regulations, and the fuqaha' of the Guardian Council are judges in this matter. The nature of each of these councils, together with the manner of their formation, their jurisdiction, and scope of their duties and functions, is determined by the Constitution and laws derived from it. The conditions, limits, and nature of this duty will be specified by law. No individual, group, or > authority, has the right to infringe in the slightest way upon the political, cultural, economic, and military independence or the territorial integrity of Iran under the pretext of exercising freedom. Similarly, no authority has the right to abrogate legitimate freedoms, not even by enacting laws and regulations for that purpose, under the pretext of preserving the independence and territorial integrity of the country. Other Islamic schools, including the Hanafi, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanbali, and Zaydi, are to be accorded full respect, and their followers are free to act in accordance with their own jurisprudence in performing their religious rites.
These schools enjoy official status in matters pertaining to religious education, affairs of personal status (marriage, divorce, inheritance, and wills) and related litigation in courts of law. In regions of the country where Muslims following any one of these schools of fiqh constitute the majority, local regulations, within the bounds of the jurisdiction of local councils, are to be in accordance with the respective school of fiqh, without infringing upon the rights of the followers of other schools. Article 1. 3 Zoroastrian, Jewish, and Christian Iranians are the only recognized religious minorities, who, within the limits of the law, are free to perform their religious rites and ceremonies, and to act according to their own canon in matters of personal affairs and religious education. This principle applies to all who refrain from engaging in conspiracy or activity against Islam and the Islamic Republic of Iran. Official documents, correspondence, and texts, as well as text- books, must be in this language and script.
However, the use of regional and tribal languages in the press and mass media, as well as for teaching of their literature in schools, is allowed in addition to Persian. Both the solar and lunar Islamic calendars are recognized, but government offices will function according to the solar calendar. The official weekly holiday is Friday. Article 2. 1 The government must ensure the rights of women in all respects, in conformity with Islamic criteria, and accomplish the following goals: 1. The details of this exception will be specified by law.
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Article 2. 6 The formation of parties, societies, political or professional associations, as well as religious societies, whether Islamic or pertaining to one of the recognized religious minorities, is permitted provided they do not violate the principles of independence, freedom, national unity, the criteria of Islam, or the basis of the Islamic republic. No one may be prevented from participating in the aforementioned groups, or be compelled to participate in them. The government has the duty, with due consideration of the need of society for different kinds of work, to provide every citizen with the opportunity to work, and to create equal conditions for obtaining it. The government must provide the foregoing services and financial support for every individual citizen by drawing, in accordance with the law, on the national revenues and funds obtained through public contributions.
Article 3. 1 It is the right of every Iranian individual and family to possess housing commensurate with his nods. The government must maker land available for the implementation of this article, according priority to those whose need is greatest, in particular the rural population and the workers. Article 3. 2 No one may be arrested except by the order and in accordance with the procedure laid down by law. In case of arrest, charges with the reasons for accusation must, without delay, be communicated and explained to the accused in writing, and a provisional dossier must be forwarded to the competent judicial authorities within a maximum of twenty- four hours so that the preliminaries to the trial can be completed as swiftly as possible. The violation of this article will be liable to punishment in accordance with the law. Article 3. 3 No one can be banished from his place of residence, prevented from residing in the place of his choice, or compelled to reside in a given locality, except in cases provided by law. Article 3. 4 It is the indisputable right of every citizen to seek justice by recourse to competent courts.
All citizens have right of access to such courts, and no one can be barred from courts to which he has a legal right of recourse. Article 3. 5 Both parties to a lawsuit have the right in all courts of law to select an attorney, and if they are unable to do so, arrangements must be made to provide them with legal counsel. Article 3. 8 All forms of torture for the purpose of extracting confession or acquiring information are forbidden. Compulsion of individuals to testify, confess, or take an oath is not permissible; and any testimony, confession, or oath obtained under duress is devoid of value and credence. Violation of this article is liable to punishment in accordance with the law. Article 4. 0 No one is entitled to exercise his rights in a way injurious to others or detrimental to public interests.
Article 4. 1 Iranian citizenship is the indisputable right of every Iranian, and the government cannot withdraw citizenship from any Iranian unless he himself requests it or acquires the citizenship of another country. Citizenship may be withdrawn from such persons if another State accepts them as its citizens or if they request it.
These steps must be taken with due regard for the requirements governing the general economic planning of the country at each stage of its growth; 3. The state sector is to include all large- scale and mother industries, foreign trade, major minerals, banking, insurance, power generation, dams and large- scale irrigation networks, radio and television, post, telegraph and telephone services, aviation, shipping, roads, railroads and the like; all these will be publicly owned and administered by the State. The cooperative sector is to include cooperative companies and enterprises concerned with production and distribution, in urban and rural areas, in accordance with Islamic criteria. The private sector consists of those activities concerned with agriculture, animal husbandry, industry, trade, and services that supplement the economic activities of the state and cooperative sectors.
Ownership in each of these three sectors is protected by the laws of the Islamic Republic, in so far as this ownership is in conformity with the other articles of this chapter, does not go beyond the bounds of Islamic law, contributes to the economic growth and progress of the country, and does not harm society. Law will specify detailed procedures for the utilization of each of the foregoing items.
Article 4. 7 Private ownership, legitimately acquired, is to be respected. The relevant criteria are determined by law. This rule must be executed by the government with due care, after investigation and furnishing necessary evidence in accordance with the law of Islam. Economic and other activities that inevitably involve pollution of the environment or cause irreparable damage to it are therefore forbidden. Provisions for tax exemption and reduction will be determined by law.
Any change in the figures contained in the budget will be in accordance with the procedures prescribed by law. Its organization and mode of operation in Tehran and at the provincial capitals, are to be determined by law.
It will collect all relevant accounts, documents, and records, in accordance with law, and submit to the Islamic Consultative Assembly a report for the settlement of each year's budget together with its own comments. This report must be made available to the public.
No one can deprive man of this divine right, nor subordinate it to the vested interests of a particular individual or group. The people are to exercise this divine right in the manner specified in the following articles. These powers are independent of each other. Legislation approved by this body, after going through the stages specified in the articles below, is communicated to the executive and the judiciary for implementation.
Any request for such direct recourse to public opinion must be approved by two- thirds of the members of the Islamic Consultative Assembly. Article 6. 1 The function of the judiciary are to be performed by courts of justice, which are to be formed in accordance with the criteria of Islam, and are vested with the authority to examine and settle lawsuits, protect the rights of the public, dispense and enact justice, and implement the Divine limits .
The qualifications of voters and candidates, as well as the nature of election, will be specified by law. Elections for each term must take place before the end of the preceding term, so that the country is never without an Assembly.